I will discuss a homogenization framework for anisotropic fractal porous media, which are fractal materials that could have different dimensions in each spatial direction. I will discuss both the scalar and vector theory we develop, and the various quantitative estimates obtained along the way (e.g. for a new Friedrichs type inequality). This framework will be applied to an analog of the Drude-Born-Fedorov system, which classically arises from a particular set of constitutive relations in Maxwell's equations for reciprocal, chiral media. Time permitting, I will also discuss more recent work on electromagnetic waveguides with fractal cross-sections. Most of this work is joint with I. G. Stratis (National and Kapodistrian University of Athens).