Abstract: Stochastic individual base models, that is, measure valued Markov processes describing the evolution of interacting biological populations, have proven over the last years to be effective models in deriving key features of the theory of adaptive dynamics, such as the canonical equation of adaptive dynamics, the trait substitution sequence and the polymorphic evolution sequence. In this talk I review these models an the diverse emerging scaling limits, and I report on recent progress in applying such models to the modelling of cancer therapies, and in particular to immunotherapy and combination therapies of melanoma, based on experimental data by colleagues from the Bonn university hospital.