Abstract: Engineering design of robots is often inspired by nature; recently developed bioinspired robots accurately imitate various aspects of their live counterparts. Yet, the relationship between engineering and nature has often been one-directional: engineers borrow ideas from nature to build more efficient, more appealing, and better performing robotic systems for use in traditional human-centered applications. In some cases, these systems are used as proxies for studying the natural system, but whether these devices can be integrated within the ‘ecological niche’ inspiring their design seldom is experimentally tested. An even more elemental research question pertains to the feasibility of modulating spontaneous behavior of animal systems through bioinspired robotics. In this talk, we discuss recent research findings at the Dynamical Systems Laboratory of the Polytechnic Institute of New York University on the regulation of fish behavioral response using bioinspired robotic fish. Beyond presenting the engineering design and mathematical modeling of a miniature robotic fish for laboratory experiments, the talk will address fundamental scientific questions on animal-robot interactions. Some of the questions that will be addressed are: is fish behavioral response influenced by a robotic fish? What are the determinants of attraction of a robotic fish? What is the role of hydrodynamic effects and visual cues? Does the behavior of the robotic fish influence fish response? Do fish interact differently with a robotic fish depending on their ‘personality’? Finally, current research directions and outreach programs related to Fish ‘n’ Robots will be discussed.