This course focuses on various mathematical aspects of lattice dimer models. These are very classical two-dimensional statistical mechanics models, that are exactly solvable in some sense (Kasteleyn, 1961): partition function and correlations can be computed in determinantal form. Recently there has been a new wave of interest in dimer models, both in probability, combinatorics and mathematical physics. One reason is that these models, as well as other two-dimensional critical models, exhibit conformal invariance properties. Another interesting aspect is that they allow to obtain very nice Markov dynamics of two-dimensional interfaces, whose large-scale dynamical behavior can be studied.