4 Maggio
ore
12.00-14.00
Aula
Consiglio
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David Quéré

On the shapes of water
As
we learnt from Young and Laplace, the cohesion of fluids makes them
choose specific shapes, in particular spheres at a small scale. We
discuss several ways to maintain this ideal shape on a solid, which
leads to unique dynamical situations: water pearls do not
stick, they
run
easily and they bounce - a little bit as if they were solid marbles.
(But they are not. And the liquid nature of these pearls has interesting
consequences on the dynamical shapes they adopt, for example.) The high
mobility of liquid pearls implies that tiny forces are sufficient to
move them, and we plan to present recent achievements where some
asymmetric patterns at a solid surface permit the self-propulsion of
the liquid. We would also like to discuss the effects of various fields
to control these elusive drops.
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30 Marzo
ore
12.00-14.00
Aula
Consiglio
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Lorenzo Giacomelli
Mathematical models of wetting phenomena
Wetting
phenomena at "small" scales (a water drop on a glass, the precorneal
tear-film) may be described by quite a few different mathematical
models: diffuse interface ones, sharp ones such as the Navier-Stokes
equations, and reduced ones such as the lubrication and the
quasi-static approximations. Furthermore, they open up fundamental
questions whose answer is yet debated, such as the description of the
interface (if any) which separates "dry" from "wet" regions. Which
model and which answer are most appropriate is likely to depend on the
physics of the specific phenomena, and I will provide introductory
information for most of them. However, all of these models are grounded
on a basic and unifying physical mechanism: the balance of capillary
and frictional (e.g. viscous) forces. Enlightening this principle will
hopefully help understanding and enjoying the subsequent lectures
within this series.
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2 Marzo
ore
12.00-14.00
Aula
Consiglio
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Vittorio Loreto
Recent advances in language dynamics
Language
dynamics is an emerging field that focuses on all processes related to
the emergence, evolution and extinction of languages. Recently the
study of the self-organization and evolution of language and meaning
has recently led to the idea that a community of language users can be
seen as a complex dynamical system that collectively solves the problem
of developing a shared communication framework through the
back-and-forth signaling between people.
In this talk I will review some of the progresses made in the last few
years and highlight potential future directions for the research in
this area. I will discuss in particular several examples corresponding
to the early stages of the emergence of a language, namely the
emergence of a common lexicon and the emergence of a shared set of
linguistics categories. I will point out how synthetic modeling has
nowadays reached sufficient maturity to contribute significantly to the
ongoing debate in cognitive science. For instance it has been recently
possible to reproduce in a numerical model the outcomes of an important
experimental survey, the so-called World Color Survey (WCS).
In addition new experimental frameworks are becoming progressively
available. Finally I will discuss the crucial issue in linguistics of
whether structures of languages we adopt are the outcome of an
individual-based process of optimization or rather the result of a
complex socially-driven cultural negotiation. I will argue that a
general scenario in language dynamics could be such that shared
linguistic conventions would not emerge as attractors, but rather as
metastable states.
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3 Febbraio
ore
12.00-14.00
Aula
Consiglio
|
Steven
Strogatz
Social networks that balance themselves
Consider
a fully-connected social network of people, companies, or
countries, modeled as an undirected complete graph with real numbers on
its edges. Positive edges link friends; negative
edges link enemies. I'll discuss two simple
models of how the edge weights of such networks might
evolve over time, as they seek a balanced state in which "the enemy of
my enemy is my friend." The mathematical
techniques involve elementary ideas from linear
algebra, random graphs, statistical physics, and differential
equations. Some motivating examples from international relations and
social psychology will also be discussed. This
is joint work with Seth Marvel, Jon Kleinberg,
and Bobby Kleinberg.

http://dueallamenouno.comunita.unita.it/2012/02/04/i-nemici-dei-miei-nemici/
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13 gennaio
ore
12.00-14.00
Aula
Consiglio
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Maurizio Battaglia
Modeling volcano deformation made easy:constraining the source of the
2004-2011 volcano unrest at Mount St Helens (WA).
Precise
measurements of ground deformation have become increasingly common as
large networks of GPS receivers and borehole strainmeters have been
established over the last decade. Complementing this continuous record
are comparatively infrequent but spatially dense images of ground
deformation from radar satellites, and a long historical record of
leveling, Electronic Distance Meter, triangulation, and tilt data.
Deformation can arise from tectonic and volcanic forces and from human
activities such as aquifer withdrawal or geothermal exploitation.
Mathematical models of how the crust deforms in response to different
physical processes are required to characterize driving processes and
constrain source location, size, orientation, and strength. This
information is valuable for hazards forecasting and mitigation.
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